Abstract
GHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex) is a naturally occurring copper peptide found in human plasma, saliva, and urine. It consists of three amino acids complexed with a copper ion and has been studied for its role in tissue remodeling and gene expression.
Molecular Background
- Sequence: Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine:Copper (1:1)
- Molecular Formula: C14H24CuN6O4
- Molecular Weight: 403.93 g/mol
- Appearance: Blue crystalline powder
- Discovery: First identified by Dr. Loren Pickart in the 1970s
Research Applications
- Skin Biology: Collagen and elastin gene expression studies
- Wound Healing: Tissue remodeling research
- Anti-inflammatory: Inflammatory pathway studies
- Gene Expression: Genome-wide modulation research
- Hair Biology: Follicle studies
Proposed Mechanisms
- Copper Delivery: Facilitating copper-dependent enzyme function
- Gene Modulation: Effects on hundreds of human genes reported
- TGF-β Pathway: Involvement in tissue remodeling signaling
- Antioxidant Activity: SOD-like copper-mediated effects
Technical Specifications
- Purity: ≥99% (HPLC verified)
- Storage: Store at -20°C protected from light
- Stability: Stable in aqueous solution
Current Research Status
GHK-Cu has been studied in both topical and systemic applications in preclinical models. Cosmetic applications have been commercialized, while research continues into other potential applications.