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Scientific Articles

Peptide Research

Evidence-based scientific articles exploring peptide mechanisms, preclinical research, and emerging applications in regenerative medicine and longevity.

Research Use Only: These Peptides are for Research use Only and not intended for Human Use. The statements made within this website have not been evaluated by the US Food and Drug Administration.

Regenerative7 min

BPC-157: A Pentadecapeptide in Gastrointestinal and Tissue Repair

Comprehensive review of BPC-157's mechanisms in tissue repair, including VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS signaling, FAK-paxillin pathways, and preclinical evidence across multiple injury models.

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Regenerative6 min

TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4) in Actin Dynamics and Tissue Repair

Examining TB-500's role in actin sequestration, cell migration, wound healing, cardiac repair, and neuroprotection through preclinical and early human research.

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Regenerative12 min

Synergistic Effects of BPC-157, TB-500 & GHK-Cu

Mechanistic synthesis of how these three peptides work together through complementary pathways to accelerate tissue repair and regeneration.

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Regenerative8 min

GHK-Cu: Copper Peptide in Tissue Remodeling

Research review of GHK-Cu's role in collagen synthesis, gene expression modulation, and tissue remodeling processes.

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Mitochondrial15 min

SS-31 (Elamipretide): Mitochondria-Targeted Tetrapeptide

Exploring SS-31's cardiolipin stabilization, cristae preservation, and role in cardioprotection, neuromuscular function, and age-related disorders.

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Mitochondrial18 min

MOTS-c: Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide in Metabolic Regulation

Comprehensive review of MOTS-c's role in AMPK activation, metabolic regulation, stress adaptation, and exercise-induced expression.

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Mitochondrial8 min

Humanin: The Mitochondrial-Derived Longevity Peptide

Research on Humanin's decline with age, its role in cytoprotection, insulin sensitivity, and association with exceptional longevity.

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Mitochondrial5 min

SHLP2: The Mitochondrial Youth Peptide

Examining SHLP2's stronger effects versus Humanin on mitochondrial protection, insulin sensitivity, and longevity correlations.

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Metabolic7 min

5-Amino-1MQ: NNMT Inhibitor in Metabolic Regulation

Research on 5-Amino-1MQ's selective inhibition of NNMT, effects on NAD+ salvage, metabolic improvements, and muscle regeneration.

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Anabolic18 min

IGF-1: Insulin-Like Growth Factor in Anabolic Processes

Deep dive into IGF-1's molecular mechanisms, muscle hypertrophy, bone remodeling, and age-related physiological changes.

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Redox14 min

NAD⁺ and Glutathione in Cellular Redox Regulation

Mechanistic review of NAD⁺ and glutathione interplay in cellular aging, decline patterns, and restoration strategies.

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GH Axis10 min

Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptides: Ipamorelin, CJC-1295, Sermorelin

Comparative analysis of GHRPs and GHRH analogs, their receptor specificity, synergistic effects, and preclinical evidence.

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Anti-Aging8 min

Epithalon: Tetrapeptide in Telomere Biology

Research on Epithalon's effects on telomerase activation, pineal function, and cellular aging markers.

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Immune8 min

Thymosin Alpha-1: Immune Rejuvenation and Longevity

Evidence review of TA1's role in reversing immunosenescence, T-cell maturation, and vaccine response enhancement.

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Senolytic10 min

FOXO4-DRI: Senolytic Peptide Targeting Senescent Cells

Research on FOXO4-DRI's mechanism of disrupting p53-FOXO4 interaction to selectively eliminate senescent cells.

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Neuroprotective5 min

Pinealon: Brain-Specific Epigenetic Rejuvenation Tripeptide

Research on Pinealon's effects on pineal gland function, melatonin restoration, and cognitive enhancement.

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Bioregulators10 min

Bioregulator Peptides: Pinealon, Vilon, Cardiogen, Bronchogen

Overview of organ-specific bioregulator peptides and their proposed epigenetic mechanisms.

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Neuroprotective8 min

Dihexa: Neurogenic and Cognitive-Enhancing Peptide

Research on Dihexa's c-Met receptor activation, synaptogenesis, and cognitive restoration in aged and disease models.

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Anti-Inflammatory6 min

KPV: Anti-Inflammatory and Skin-Rejuvenating Tripeptide

Research on KPV's NF-κB suppression, NLRP3 inhibition, and applications in inflammatory and dermal conditions.

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