Abstract
Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg) is a synthetic tripeptide developed by the Khavinson research group that has been studied for effects on pineal gland function and neuronal gene expression.
Molecular Background
- Sequence: EDR (Glu-Asp-Arg)
- Molecular Weight: 418 Da
- Target Tissue: Pineal gland and neurons (proposed)
- Bioavailability: Oral and intranasal reported in rodents
Research Applications
- Pineal Function: Melatonin synthesis studies
- Circadian Research: Biological rhythm investigations
- Cognitive Studies: Memory and learning research
- Neuroprotection: Neuronal survival studies
Proposed Mechanisms
- Gene Expression: Reactivation of pineal-specific genes
- AANAT/HIOMT: Melatonin synthesis enzyme effects
- CLOCK/BMAL1: Circadian transcription modulation
- Neurotrophic Factors: BDNF, NGF expression
Preclinical Research
Studies from the originating laboratory report effects in:
- Aged rodent pineal function models
- Cognitive testing paradigms
- Senescence-accelerated mice
- Chronic stress models
Current Research Status
Pinealon research originates almost exclusively from the Khavinson laboratory. Independent replication by other groups has not been published. The proposed mechanism of direct DNA binding by ultra-short peptides remains scientifically debated.